MID TEST CROSS CULTURE UNDERSTANDING

 

MID TEST 

CROSS-CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING (CCU) 

NAME: T. RENI WIDIA NINGSI

NIM: 1888203051

CLASS: 5.1

 

QUESTIONS :

1. Please answer the questions below briefly:

A. Give your own idea/opinions about:

a.  Culture

 Based own my think about culture, Culture is a way of life that is developed and owned by a group of people, and passed down through generations. Culture consists of many complex elements, including religious and political systems, languages, customs, buildings, tools, clothing, and artwork.

 

Language, as well as culture, is an integral part of humans that many people tend to assume is genetically inherited. When one tries to communicate with people from different cultures, and adjust differences, it proves that culture is learned.

Culture is a holistic lifestyle. culture is also complex, abstract, and broad. Many aspects of the help culture determine communicative behavior. Elements of socio-cultural dissemination, and include many human social activities.

 

b. Interculture

Interculture is a common set of social norms, conventions, etc. Adopted by a group whose members are culturally diverse.

 

 

c. Cross culture

Best own my think Cross-cultural interactions occur when two different cultures meet at a meeting point. Cross-cultural is a term often used to draw a situation when a culture meets and interacts with other different cultures both can have a positive impact or vice versa to a person.

There are cultural differences because the culture is dynamic and always evolving therefore it takes more than one approach to understand across cultures.

 

Man grows and develops within his own cultural environment so that it forms and creates a way of thinking that is different from each other.

 

This way of thinking and acting is the result of cultural conditioning or cultural controlling through a long process of education and teaching given through generations by parents, teachers, and the community.

 

Understanding the culture of others is very important for us so that there is no culture shock that assumes that a particular person's culture is wrong according to us based on a culture that we understand (own culture), let's say a person who works in a keungan office or a hospital that has many people who work and come from different tribes or countries broadly cross-culturally includes an understanding of values , beliefs, attitudes, mindsets, customs, customs, languages and ways of communicating.

 

Understanding cross-culturally has several benefits divided into three, namely benefits for tourists, local people, and for tourists. For tourists to understand cross-cultural will make it easier to understand the general character of the local community.

 

Suppose we want to visit a country let's say Ireland by understanding across cultures we will not experience any misunderstanding between us visiting with the local people when talking or others.

 

For the local community In this case the local community not only learns how to behave in certain situations but is also able to explain why doing this, the basic values, beliefs, and assumptions that are fundamental to the attitude of those communities. The more interaction, the more knowledge develops, and the experience of cultural problems will decrease.

 

For tourists Many things can be excavated from cross-cultural understanding because cultural differences are not limited to food, language and dances but also related to human interaction including non-verbal behavior, beliefs, time orientation, attitudes, habits, traditions, how to dress body movements and other things.

d. Multiculture

My point of view Multiculturalism is both a response to the fact of cultural pluralism in modern democracies and a way of compensating cultural groups for past exclusion, discrimination, and oppression. Most modern democracies comprise members with diverse cultural viewpoints, practices, and contributions. Many minority cultural groups have experienced exclusion or the denigration of their contributions and identities in the past. Multiculturalism seeks the inclusion of the views and contributions of diverse members of society while maintaining respect for their differences and withholding the demand for their assimilation into the dominant culture

 

2. Give one example of cultural conflict and offer the solution for its adjustment!

 Sampit conflict

The unrest in sampit is just one of a series of riots that occurred by madurese who since the founding of Central Kalimantan have committed more than 13 major riots and many such riots resulted in casualties on the Dayak side.

The solution for its adjustment is :

1) Conflict That Must be in Management Towards Reconciliation 

2) Changing the Religious Understanding System

3) Reduce The Appearance of Berhura-Hura in Religious Life.

 4) Dampen The Appetite for Distinction To Avoid Ethnic Conflict.

 

3. How do you define:

a. Mosaic

A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world.

 

Mosaic today includes not just murals and pavements, but also artwork, hobby crafts, and industrial and construction forms.

 

Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced Republic of Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.

 

b. Melting pot

The melting pot is a monocultural metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" with a common culture; an alternative being a homogeneous society becoming more heterogeneous through the influx of foreign elements with different cultural backgrounds, possessing the potential to create disharmony within the previous culture. Historically, it is often used to describe the cultural integration of immigrants to the United States.

 

The melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s. The exact term "melting pot" came into general usage in the United States after it was used as a metaphor describing a fusion of nationalities, cultures and ethnicities in the 1908 play of the same name.

 

The desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model has been rejected by proponents of multiculturalism, who have suggested alternative metaphors to describe the current American society, such as a mosaic, salad bowl, or kaleidoscope, in which different cultures mix, but remain distinct in some aspects. The melting pot continues to be used as an assimilation model in vernacular and political discourse along with more inclusive models of assimilation in the academic debates on identity, adaptation and integration of immigrants into various political, social and economic spheres.

c. Stereotype

a stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information (and sometimes accurate).

 

While such generalizations about groups of people may be useful when making quick decisions, they may be erroneous when applied to particular individuals and are among the reasons for prejudice attitudes.

 

d. Prejudice

Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership. The word is often used to refer to a preconceived, usually unfavourable, evaluation of another person based on that person's political affiliation, sex, gender, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race, ethnicity, language, nationality, beauty, occupation, education, criminality, sport team affiliation or other personal characteristics.

 

Prejudice can also refer to unfounded or pigeonholed beliefs[3][4] and it may include "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence". Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience". Auestad (2015) defines prejudice as characterized by 'symbolic transfer', transfer of a value-laden meaning content onto a socially formed category and then on to individuals who are taken to belong to that category, resistance to change, and overgeneralization.