MID
TEST
CROSS-CULTURAL
UNDERSTANDING (CCU)
NAME:
T. RENI WIDIA NINGSI
NIM:
1888203051
CLASS:
5.1
QUESTIONS :
1.
Please answer the questions below briefly:
A.
Give your own idea/opinions about:
a.
Culture
Based own my
think about culture, Culture is a way of life that is developed and owned by a
group of people, and passed down through generations. Culture consists of many
complex elements, including religious and political systems, languages,
customs, buildings, tools, clothing, and artwork.
Language, as well as culture, is an integral part of
humans that many people tend to assume is genetically inherited. When one tries
to communicate with people from different cultures, and adjust differences, it
proves that culture is learned.
Culture is a holistic lifestyle. culture is also
complex, abstract, and broad. Many aspects of the help culture determine
communicative behavior. Elements of socio-cultural dissemination, and include
many human social activities.
b.
Interculture
Interculture is a common set of social norms,
conventions, etc. Adopted by a group whose members are culturally diverse.
c.
Cross culture
Best
own my think Cross-cultural interactions occur when two different cultures meet
at a meeting point. Cross-cultural is a term often used to draw a situation
when a culture meets and interacts with other different cultures both can have
a positive impact or vice versa to a person.
There
are cultural differences because the culture is dynamic and always evolving
therefore it takes more than one approach to understand across cultures.
Man
grows and develops within his own cultural environment so that it forms and
creates a way of thinking that is different from each other.
This
way of thinking and acting is the result of cultural conditioning or cultural
controlling through a long process of education and teaching given through
generations by parents, teachers, and the community.
Understanding
the culture of others is very important for us so that there is no culture
shock that assumes that a particular person's culture is wrong according to us
based on a culture that we understand (own culture), let's say a person who
works in a keungan office or a hospital that has many people who work and come
from different tribes or countries broadly cross-culturally includes an
understanding of values , beliefs, attitudes, mindsets, customs, customs,
languages and ways of communicating.
Understanding
cross-culturally has several benefits divided into three, namely benefits for
tourists, local people, and for tourists. For tourists to understand
cross-cultural will make it easier to understand the general character of the
local community.
Suppose
we want to visit a country let's say Ireland by understanding across cultures
we will not experience any misunderstanding between us visiting with the local
people when talking or others.
For
the local community In this case the local community not only learns how to
behave in certain situations but is also able to explain why doing this, the
basic values, beliefs, and assumptions that are fundamental to the attitude of
those communities. The more interaction, the more knowledge develops, and the
experience of cultural problems will decrease.
For
tourists Many things can be excavated from cross-cultural understanding because
cultural differences are not limited to food, language and dances but also
related to human interaction including non-verbal behavior, beliefs, time
orientation, attitudes, habits, traditions, how to dress body movements and
other things.
d.
Multiculture
My point of view Multiculturalism is both a response to the fact of cultural pluralism in modern democracies and a way of compensating cultural groups
for past exclusion, discrimination, and oppression. Most modern democracies comprise members with diverse cultural viewpoints, practices, and
contributions. Many minority cultural groups have experienced exclusion or the
denigration of their contributions and identities in the past. Multiculturalism
seeks the inclusion of the views and contributions of diverse members of
society while maintaining respect for their differences and withholding the
demand for their assimilation into the dominant culture
2.
Give one example of cultural conflict and offer the solution for its
adjustment!
Sampit conflict
The
unrest in sampit is just one of a series of riots that occurred by madurese who
since the founding of Central Kalimantan have committed more than 13 major
riots and many such riots resulted in casualties on the Dayak side.
The
solution for its adjustment is :
1)
Conflict That Must be in Management Towards Reconciliation
2)
Changing the Religious Understanding System
3)
Reduce The Appearance of Berhura-Hura in Religious Life.
4) Dampen The Appetite
for Distinction To Avoid Ethnic Conflict.
3.
How do you define:
a.
Mosaic
A
mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of
colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering
a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were
particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world.
Mosaic
today includes not just murals and pavements, but also artwork, hobby crafts,
and industrial and construction forms.
Mosaics
have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble
mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and
pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and
Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were
decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine
Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the
Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced
Republic of Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in
the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old
technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and
6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.
b.
Melting pot
The
melting pot is a monocultural metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming
more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" with a
common culture; an alternative being a homogeneous society becoming more
heterogeneous through the influx of foreign elements with different cultural
backgrounds, possessing the potential to create disharmony within the previous
culture. Historically, it is often used to describe the cultural integration of
immigrants to the United States.
The
melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s. The exact term "melting
pot" came into general usage in the United States after it was used as a
metaphor describing a fusion of nationalities, cultures and ethnicities in the
1908 play of the same name.
The
desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model has been rejected by
proponents of multiculturalism, who have suggested alternative metaphors to
describe the current American society, such as a mosaic, salad bowl, or
kaleidoscope, in which different cultures mix, but remain distinct in some
aspects. The melting pot continues to be used as an assimilation model in
vernacular and political discourse along with more inclusive models of
assimilation in the academic debates on identity, adaptation and integration of
immigrants into various political, social and economic spheres.
c.
Stereotype
a
stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular category of people.
It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular
group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation
about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes
are sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information
(and sometimes accurate).
While
such generalizations about groups of people may be useful when making quick
decisions, they may be erroneous when applied to particular individuals and are
among the reasons for prejudice attitudes.
d.
Prejudice
Prejudice
is an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group
membership. The word is often used to refer to a preconceived, usually
unfavourable, evaluation of another person based on that person's political
affiliation, sex, gender, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability,
religion, sexuality, race, ethnicity, language, nationality, beauty,
occupation, education, criminality, sport team affiliation or other personal
characteristics.
Prejudice
can also refer to unfounded or pigeonholed beliefs[3][4] and it may include
"any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational
influence". Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable
or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual
experience". Auestad (2015) defines prejudice as characterized by
'symbolic transfer', transfer of a value-laden meaning content onto a socially
formed category and then on to individuals who are taken to belong to that
category, resistance to change, and overgeneralization.
